Excavation, which is the most basic concept of building construction, refers to all kinds of excavation works in general terms. However, what exactly the excavation is and how it is done is extremely important. So what is excavation, how is it done? As enhar prefabrik, one of the pioneers of the prefabricated building sector, we will be giving some information about excavation in this article. If you want to have information about excavation, you can read the rest of the article.
What is Excavation?
Excavation refers to all excavation activities carried out at a construction site. In other words, the operations that include the excavation, the transportation of the materials removed from the excavation and their pouring into the specified areas are called excavation. The specific areas where the materials from the excavation are poured are called the dump site. Casting sites are areas designated by municipalities. In general, excavation can be done in different ways. It can be done by hand using pickaxes and shovels, or it can be done with the help of modern machines. However, with the developing technology, excavation activities are mostly carried out by modern machines. In particular, the bucket, excavator and bulldozer, which are among the construction equipment, are the most important assistants in the excavation process. Excavation operations are regulated by certain technical rules and are very dangerous according to occupational health and safety regulations. However, there are some points to be considered during excavation. In this direction, how the excavation works will be carried out is specified in the Environment, Urbanism and Climate Change regulations. Therefore, it is of great importance to comply with the rules during the excavation process, to use appropriate tools and to work with a specialist company.
What are the Hazards in Excavation Application?
Since excavation is a dangerous process, there are some risks that may occur during the application. In fact, serious consequences may occur not only during the application, but also after it. The dangers in question are as follows;
● ground and slope collapse,
● materials and vehicles falling on people in the field,
● unauthorized vehicles and people entering the site,
● coinciding with wastes containing chemicals,
● exposure to explosive materials,
● encountering electrical cables,
● run into dangerous reptiles and poisonous insects.
As you can see, excavation is a process that can be extremely dangerous. For this reason, it is necessary to pay attention to some details during the excavation application.
How is excavation done?
What is excavation, what are the dangers that may arise during excavation, now you have a closer grasp. But how exactly is the excavation process done? We mentioned that excavation is a risky practice. At this point, the application should be started after the necessary permits are obtained for the excavation process, which is the first step of the construction. In addition, the “Regulation on Control of Excavated Soil, Construction and Demolition Wastes” should be taken into account and the following items should be applied.
● Excavation area should be analyzed in detail and ground survey should be done. Otherwise, any miscalculation can lead to very serious consequences.
● The edges of the excavation should be beveled so that it does not collapse. In order for the slopes to hold the ground, shoring should be made by supporting them with materials such as steel and timber.
● It should be checked whether there are biological assets in the excavation site and a list of the items under financial risk should be drawn up.
● It should be ensured that there is no damage to the infrastructure. Therefore, sewerage, water, natural gas and electricity lines should be thoroughly examined and an excavation work should be carried out accordingly.
● Whether or not the wastes generated during the excavation contain chemicals should be analyzed by an expert team.
● The tools to be used for the excavation process must be used by professionals in the field. Thus, the excavation process is applied safely.
How is Excavation Made in Prefabricated Buildings?
Excavation is a process applied in the construction of prefabricated structures as well as in the construction of reinforced concrete structures. For this reason, the steps followed for reinforced concrete structures should be applied respectively in the construction of prefabricated houses. However, except for excavation operations, the construction of reinforced concrete houses takes quite a long time compared to prefabricated buildings. Although the excavation process is the same for both types of structures, the construction of reinforced concrete structures can take several months. On the other hand, prefabricated houses attract attention with their easy and fast installation. However, in the installation of prefabricated houses, excavation operations may not be included in the price. Therefore, before buying a prefabricated house, it is necessary to know the processes included and not included in the price. If it is not included, the calculation of the excavation needs to be done carefully.
How is Excavation Calculation Made?
Excavation calculation, cubage calculation or excavation quantity is one of the subjects that many people are curious about. The excavation calculation based on m3 is basically calculated with the formula “floor area x height”. To find the ground area, the length and width of the area to be excavated must be known. Thus, the formula is calculated as “length x width x height” in its clear form. On the other hand, for the height calculation, the lower level and the upper level of the ground must also be known. However, we can say that this process is just general account logic. Because the most up-to-date programs are used for excavation calculation and technical map measurement is made accordingly. The analysis consists of two stages. These are called the 1st survey and the 2nd survey.
